GA 2018-ScS Presentation Kloiber-Oct2018

www.wma.net
The World Medical Association
The First 70 Years
Otmar Kloiber
Secretary General
Images: © AFP – Caring Physicians of the World
Conflict of Interest Statement
The presenter is the Secretary General of the
World Medical Association.
There are no commercial or financial interest of the
presenter or the association in the work to be
presented.
Vision
The World Medical Association (WMA) is the global
federation of National Medical Associations representing
the millions of physicians worldwide. Acting on behalf of
patients and physicians, the WMA endeavors to achieve
the highest possible standards of medical care, ethics,
education and health-related human rights for all people.
Images: © AFP – Caring Physicians of the World
Preliminary Meetings
Photo: http://www.bmahouse.org.uk
Informal gathering at BMA House, London,
July 1945
• replacing the “Association Professionnelle
Internationale des Médecins APIM” which
was founded in 1926 and had a maximum of 23
member organizations
• Preparing a new international medical association
First Formal Preparation Conference in
London, September 1946
• Medical associations from 31 countries invited – 29
sent representatives
• The name was decided
• “The World Medical Association” should have broader
activities and wider membership than APIM
• APIM officers turned over its remaining funds to the
WMA
Second meeting of the Organizing committee
in Paris, November 1946
• Progress on Articles and By-laws
• Dr Louis H. Bauer designated as first Secretary
General of the WMA
Third meeting of the Organizing committee
in London, April 1947
• Final draft of constitution
• Planing for a first Assembly in September 1947
Fourth meeting of the Organizing committee
in Paris, 17 September 1946
• Turned into the WMA by adopting the Constitution
• Dr F. de Court, France
• Dr Pierre Glorieux, Belgium
• Dr Dag Knutson, Sweden
• Dr John A. Pridham, Great Britain
• Dr T. Clarence Routley, Canada
(Chairperson)
• I. Shawki Bey, Egypt
• Dr Lorenzo Garcia Tornel, Spain
• Dr A. Zahor, Czechoslovakia
• Louis H. Bauer, USA
• Elmer Henderson, USA
• Treasurer 1946-1947:
Dr Otto Leuch, Switzerland
• Joint Secretaries 1946-1947:
Charles Hill (Great Britain) and
Dr. Paul Cibrie (France)
The WM A Organizing Committee
Nuremberg Doctors’ Trial
9 December 1946 to 20 August1947
Foundation
17-20 September 1947
Paris:
1. WMA General Assembly
29 National Medical Associations as
founding members
42 NMAs in attendance (2 excused)
President: Prof. Dr Eugène Marquis, (F)
President-Elect: Dr Jar. Stucklik (CS)
Treasurer: Dr Otto Leuch (CH)
Initial Secretary: Dr Charles Hill (UK)
Founding National Medical Associations
• Federal Council of the BMA in Australia
• Osterreichische Arztekammer (Austria)
• Fédération Médicale Belge
• Bulgaria
• Canadian Medical Association
• Chinese Medical Association (dropped in 1952)
• Ustredni Jednota Ceskych Lekaru (ceased to
exist in 1948)
• Den Almindelige Danske Laegeforening
(Denmark)
• Medical Association of Eire (changed to Irish
Medical Association)
• La Confédération des Syndicats Médicaux
Français
• British Medical Association
• Association Médicale Panhellenique (Greece)
• Hungary
• Laeknafelga Islands (Iceland)
• Indian Medical Association
• Palestine Jewish Medical Association (later
changed to Israel Medical Association in 1949)
• Federazione Nazionale degli Ordini dei Medici
d’Italia
• Syndicats des Médecins du Grand Duché de
Luxembourg
• Koninklijke Nederlandsche Maatschappij tot
Bevordering der Geneeskunst (Netherlands)
• Den Norske Laegeforening (Norway)
• Palestine Arab Medical Association (ceased to
exist in 1949)
• Peru
• Philippines
• Naczelna Izby Lekarska (dropped in 1949) Poland
• Medical Association of South Africa
• Colegio Oficial de Médicos de Espana
• Sveriges Lakarforbund (Sweden)
• Fédération des Médecins Suisses
• Turkish Medical Chamber (later replaced by the
Union of Turkish Physicians)
• American Medical Association
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Brazil
Bulgaria
Canada
Chile
China
Colombia
Costa Rica
Cuba
Czecheslovakia
Denmark
Ecuador
Attending National Medical Associations
Egypt
Eire
France
Great Britain
Greece
Guatemala
Honduras
Iceland
India
Italy
Luxembourg
Mexico
Netherlands
Nicaragua
Norway
Palestine (Arab)
Palestine (Jewish)
Panama
Peru
Poland
Portugal
South Africa
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
Uruguay
U.S.A.
Venezuela
Excused: New Zealand and Hungary
Members
private
medical
associations
chambers,
ordres
trade
unions
or
similar
Historic Policies
1948/2017 Declaration of Geneva – Physicians‘ Pledge
1949/2006 International Code of Medical Ethics
(following a report on “War Crimes and Medicine”)
1964/2013 Declaration of Helsinki
Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human
Subjects
1975/2016 Declaration of Tokyo
Guidelines for Medical Doctors concerning Torture and other
Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment in
relation to Detention and Imprisonment
1981/ 2005 Declaration of Lisbon
The Rights of the Patient
1991/2007 Declaration of Malta
Hunger Strikers
2016 Declaration of Taipei – Ethical Considerations regarding
Health Databases and Biobanks
Institutional Development I
• A first permanent office was established in New York 1948 (operated
until 1974)
• Close to the United Nations and its affiliated organizations
• Dr. Louis H. Bauer was appointed as Secretary General
• A permanent Committee on Medical Ethics 1952
• 1959 The Standing Committee of European doctors emerges from the
European Regional Committee of the WMA to become an own entity
• 1964, the WMA was incorporated as a non-profit educational and
scientific organization
• Organizing the World Conferences on Medical Education: 1953
London, 1959 Chicago, 1966 New Delhi, Copenhagen 1973
• 1972 Foundation of the World Federation for
Medical Education together with the medical faculties,
WHO, IFMSA and ECFMG
1st World Conference on Medical Education, London 1953
Institutional Development II
• 1973 the American Medical Association withdrew from the WMA
• 1975 Office being moved to Ferney Voltaire
• 1977 withdrawal of the Medical Association
of South Africa
• 1977 the AMA re-joined (proportional voting
structure)
• 1981 re-admittance of MASA
• 1984 „Toronto“ group breaks away:
Great Britain, Canada,
the Nordic countries, New Zealand,
Netherlands, Ireland, and Jamaica
• 1989 and following: Medical Associations
from the former communist Countries joined or
re-joined
• 1991 after changing the statutes and dues rule to the current dimensions the Toronto Group re-
joined last Great Britain 1994
• 1993 President-elect Hans-Joachim Sewering had to resign after protest arose because of his
Nazi Past
Corrected for MASA entry
WMA Members
Secretariat
1947-1974 New York, USA
1975 – Ferney-Voltaire, France
Lake
Geneva
UN
WHO
WMA
OldTown
Geneva
Airport
Runway
Jura
Mountains
Policies
• Resolution
specific, limited in region or time
• Statement
refers to overarching problems
• Declaration
relating to fundamental questions
MEDICAL ETHICS AND SOCIO-MEDICAL AFFAIRS
POLICY PROCESS
Proposal Committee reading Call for comments
Council
recommendation
Committee
reading
Members’
comments
General Assembly
International
Implementation
National
Implementation
Red fields indicate: broad membership participation is desired
Policies
Institutional Development III
• 1999 Foundation of the World Health Professions Alliance first with
the International Council of Nurses (ICN) and the International
Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) later joined by the World Dental
Federation (FDI)
• 2007 New Dues System: retaining the representational model,
however tearing it by applying the World Bank classification of
countries by per capita income to the dues rate
• 2009 Cooperating Centres as scientific cooperation partners
• 2013 MOU with the International Committee of the Red Cross and
since them with many partners WVA, ICMM, IFAP most recently
• 2018 MOU with the World Health Organization
Teaming Up
World Health Professions Alliance (WHPA)
(www.whpa.org)
Leadership seminars
Public events in Geneva
Common Work on
• Counterfeits in medicine
• Tobacco control
• HIV/AIDS
• Fighting stigma in mental health
• Counterfeit Medicines and Medicinal Products
• Non-Communicable Diseases
• Corporate relation
• Professional Regulation
WMA Co-operating Centers
• Center for the Study of International Medical Policies and Practices, George-Mason-University,
• Center for Global Health and Medical Diplomacy, University of North Florida
• Institute of Ethics and History of Medicine, University of Tübingen
• Institut de droit de la santé, Université de Neuchâtel
• Steve Biko Centre for Bioethics, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg
• Institute for Environmental Research,Yonsei University College of Medicine, South Korea
Expert Conferences s
War Migration and Health – Istanbul 2016
H20 – Melbourne 2014
Health Data Bases and Bio Banks
• Reykjavik 2014
• Copenhagen 2014
• Copenhagen 2015
• Seoul 2016
Declaration of Helsinki
• Helsinki 2008
• Cairo 2008
• Sao Paulo 2008, 2010, 2011
• Antwerp 2012
• Cape Town 2012
• Tokyo 2013
• Washington DC 2013
• Helsinki 2014
Climate Change –
• Copenhagen 2009
• Paris 2015
Finance Crisis and Health – Riga 2010
Task shifting – Reykjavik 2009
One Health
Zoonotic and Foodborne Diseases
Antimicrobial Resistance
Environmental Hazards Exposure to Humans and Animals
The Future of the One Health Concept
CPW Leadership Courses
Persons Shaping the WMA
Dr Louis H. Bauer
Secretary General
1947-1961
Dr Pricilla Kincaide-Smith
WMA President 1994-1995
Dr AndréWynen
Chair of Council 1973-1975
Secretary General 1976-1993
Angel Orozco
Office Manager
1956 – 1994 (2008)
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